Apparatus for driving rotary engines.



Patented May 29, 1917,

3 SHEETSfiHEET l.

G SILVESTRI APPARATUS FOR DRIVING ROTARY ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE I6, 1913.

G. SILVESTRI. APPARATUS FOR DRIVING ROTARY ENGINES.

I APPLICATION FILED JUNE H1, 1913.

1,227,967. Patented May 29, 1917.

3 SHEETS -SHEET 2.

ifi'lnessasf W J aim-0511mm I Inuenfor SILVESIRI. APPARATUS IOR DRIVINGROTARY ENGINES. APPLII'JATION FILED JUNE I6, I9l3.

3 SHEETS--SHEET 3.

2; \s I "217183885! 1/? x In 5/972 far 1 m I v y mall-0511mm J I I r Ijail! citizen of Austria, and resident oi UNITED s rati ies PATENTOFFICE. 7

GIULIOI s'xtvnsrm, or VIENNA. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

' I?) (M emu/m zt may concern:

l Be it known'that I, GIULio SILvEsrRr, a

Vienna, in the Provinceof Lower Austriamlid Em pire'of Austria Hun'gary,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apintcrrup'ter), anautomatic. cut-ofi member a short -cir'cuit --\'*alve):,.- and; anaccumulator.

"The variation of -t1o1 sof the engine. 18 efiectedin' accordance thenumber of revolu with the present a ppa.rat 1s .by collecting; in

. an accu nulator at regularly repeated inter l valls a regulatalblequant ty of the dr1v1ng medium which is continuouslysupplied by thepump, during which intervals the inlet and exhaustconnections; of theengine are sho tt-circi'iited, the accumulated partof the driving"medium being= allowed to pass through the engine when the fluidsupplied by the pump is passed through. i

. It is evident that, when thesame quantity oidriving medium is suppliedto and, 0011:

the engine... M method employ ng mult -stage engines, only .defin ltstages of. velocity can be 7 obtained,

' tion or inere a e v I Theminimum"numberl of revolutions of -'ratio ofvolume of the pump delivering the sumed in the enginefiin part of aunit' of time, the "number oi'f-revolutions of the piston must increaseor decrease withthe time allotted for passage. qf the fillld 't'lllotlgh'While, according .to the known the resent a ja'ratus i'mits ot'reulation p l h tOr= an-y:- suita'bIe intermediate. value between aminimum m unlimitdi to obtain acontinmms reduc-' the engine as set forthfisdetermined by the driving medium ,the engine; It now the pump. be'fittedwith a device con structed in accordance withthespecification ofmy =co-pending" patent application No.

minimum. determined by ximuiu' theoretically* theiengme double thatinvolved in'the er- APPARATUS iron DRIVING ROTARY ENGINES.

' Specification 0! Letters Patent.

Patented M ay 29, 1917.

Application fllcdl'une Serial No. 774,002.

7 74,001 (in which substantially the flow interrupter of this case isshown, described and claimed, together with its combination with ,apump) which renders it possible to ,vary at any time the output of saidpump etween a maximum determined by the capacity of the pump and zero,it is possible to regulate at will and at any desiredtime the output ofthe engine between zero'and a" theoretical unlimited maximum.

The apparatus comprises in addition to an accumulator of usualconstruction, alo t ary distributer (flow interrupter) which isinterposed. in the pressure-pipe an adjust- .alile'sleevewhichsu-rrounds .the distributer, determining the.

duration of the time interval for the admission of the drivin' mediaminto theenginei. e., the time 0 noninterru ption'of, flow of the drivingmedium, andtherewith the-duration of the time interval] during mediumis'jinterrupted' or the engine *short circuited.

An installation is shown diagrammatt cally in the accompanying drawings,in which Figure 1 shows the position of the interrupter dependent on theengine; this arran ementpermits variation of the number oi zrevolutionsof the engine between the minimum output of the same and a"theoretica'lu'nlimited maximum, the number of revolutions of theflowinterrupter, i. e. the number of perlods of interruptions,

increasing withincrease in the number of revolutions oftheengine; theposition of the movable part of the How interrupter corresponds to them'inimum output oi the engine. Fig. 2 shows a view similar to Fig, 1 theinterrupter, however, being operated by the pump supplying the engine sothat it rotates ata constant number ofre'volutions independently of anincrease or reduction in the numbeivof revolutions'of the engine;thepositfion time movable part'oiithc interrupter corresponds tea-numberof. revolutions of rangemen'tshown in Fig; 1. I Fig. 3shows thearrangement oft-W0, siin -la 1; interrupters' one of which-is connectedto the pump "this arrangement permitsvariation o the and the other tothe 'en -'ne number of revolutions of the engineto any;

which the'flowof the-driving value between zero and a theoreticallyunlimited amount. Fig. 4 is a oss sectionand Fig. 5 a horizontal sectionon the longimi ral axis through the interrupter and Figs. 6, 7 and 8show in separate views deas *in'let or'outlet for the driving medium;

The passage 0 has a second connecting branch I) to which is connectedthe accumulator. S, hereinafter. described, when the same is notdirectly interposed in the pressure pipe. With regard to the operationof the present arrangement it is immaterial whether the accumulator S beconnected to the branch 7) or directly to the pressure pipe, .since theannular passage 7) forms'a part of the pressure conduit.

The passage 1) communicates with the interior of the outer casing abymeans of ports i (three ports in the case shown) while the chamber; 0forms an enlargement of the internal cavity of the casing a.

Axially of the easin is mounted the rotary distributer which is arrangedas a hol 10w cone, which is continuously rotated at a rate proportionalto the numberof revolutions'of the engine which it controls; it has forthis purpose on one end an extension formed by the shaft portion g,which is led to the exterior through the stuflingbox h, and. carries thedriving mechanismj('belt pulley, friction disk or the like).

The distributer has two rows of ports I:

' andm. Qn rotation of the distributei-"the the ports and-i areconnected.

ports is register with and thenpass the ports 11, while the ports mcontinuously connect the interior of the distributer with the chamberc.- ing medium thusalways takes place when Between the distributer'f andthe casing La is arranged a sleeve (Figs. G to 8) which hascorresponding ports, the size of Which etermines; the interval of: :timeduring vhi'ch theports lt-connect with the ports i.

nice thisjn-terval oftimeand'in conseiquencetheplengthof the ports(considered in the direction of the-circumference) must be 'ari ablgthe'sleeveisjormed of wo parts fig. and '0 which engageoneanother' y v foftooth shaped ro ecti onS rand a '55.

means dir'ehted toward one another insuch manner, that in the two.extreme positions of the parts in which the edges of the projections liecl'ose togethcr the sleeve has as many ports 9 as there are ports i-intheouter casing, while in each'in'termediate position of the two partsthere are double the number of bits g and q of which however, the halfare covered by solid portions of the wall of the tlve.

uting rotary distributer f. This sleeve before the preceding Thedistribution of the drivuter. casing and therefore remain inopera-.

One part (a) of the two parts of the within the outer casing a anddetermines with one edge of its opening of the inlet for th drivingmedium and, by means oia second'row of ports m" produces continuousconiimni'ication between the chamber and the interior of the art 'n. maybe secured by means of a ring toothed on its circumference which engagesthe spondingly cut rim j of the sleeve, and secured to the bottom of thecasing a. The

other part of this sleeve (0) (Fig. 8) is r0- tatable and can beoperated by means of the lever t, mounted on the'hollow shaft 9surrounding the stutiing box 72- and led to the exterior through asecond stuffing box 12., which hollow shaft g is coupled with the pzlirt0 of the sleeve by means gflteeth or the The width of the projections 9'and s isso chosen that when in close proximity, they form ports q whichare of such length (considered in the direction of rotation) rela tivelyto that of the ports I in the distribute'r that on rotation (if-thedistributor interruption of the flow of the operating medirn never takesplace (Fig.1); this re sult can, however, be obtained only when thenumber of ports 7-: in the distributor as illustrated iscorrespom'lingly greater than the number of ports in the outer casingso. that one port Ziregisters with a. port 9 in the port 7.: leaves thesame port 9 of the sleeve. In this position of the sleeve part 0, theflow interrupting device is inoperative and the engine opersleeve (Figs.1 to?) is adjusted and secured projections the time 'ht' engine must usethis quantity of fluid within the half unit of time so that it runs atdouble the number of revolutions.

To this end there is collected w' accumulator S that part of the (planty of driving medium which is delivered by the pump during the time inwhich the flow-interrupting device V closes the opening, leadmg to theenginc M, the accumulator. bein ccmnected either to a point of thepressure, pipe D 111 front of the device V or with the passage 1). Theconnection between the ac-- cumulator S and'the delivery part D of thepressure pipe leadingfrom the interrupter to the engine is only openedby the rotating.

. man

.iseq'ual to" the duration of the non-irrterr tion (Fig." 2); as the"engine cantrece fluid" only during theperiod of"non inter- 60 ruption,and since this time isyredncedb'y" 'one.;helf, and the quantitydelivered bythe 1. pumphfor. driving the engine remainsz-nn r ,v theapparatus, Since the accumulation 1 accumulatorcan"flew into ftheenginewhicli v time theaiwholequantity "of fluid only by rotating tions.

at double the j number i of revoluis interrupted, the seine; ma'yfl not--l")ecome wholly or partlyernpty andmeynotpro E duce a vacuumy infthe"delivery part Dkojf the pressure pipe D'beyond the apparatus V whichvacuumwouljdprevent the collect ing action of thefaccumulator, this 1part I of the pressure pipe is connectedfwith the pipe R leadingthevdriving medium away cuit valve) whie v opensftoward part of the(pressur- Thus, eac

the pipe supplyingthe driving"mediumfto the engine, a; short circuit isformed. l

course this intermittent admission oi driviin'g medium lntothefengineinvolves af fairl ylf- '85 sioned by the operationlinperiodsinwhich pressure phases alternate with no pressure phases; tocompensate for this suitable-gyrating massesmey be employed,

' During the interruptionflof 40 the app'aratns v the stream of" drivingme dium d elivered byf'the ump, in constant quantity is -col lectedwithin the Taccum'nla ,1; tor S." The engine operates however, while p'p riving medium of the "engine. I r a When, as already ""mentioned,vthe edjustfi ment vofilthe. sleevenn 0 =of;theiint erru"ter-ls suchthat the duration of the-interrupti6 -changed the en'gine can,cfonsumethe con-' stant quantity only'bydoubling its' velocity;

When theengin'erunls at low' .sp'eedgithe x v When" the enginegruns'faster, the" pressure in theYaccuInulator decreases, since more liquidis taken fronr the accumulator than flows.thereinto and thereducedpressurenef- In order thatduring the-\timewhenhthe ftained, andthatjby gradualy-increasei or terrilpterV to the en in.thfeulpijstonTandrthejdista e"-hetween the I pointjof co inection forthe names; y

a can flow away therefrom; the pressure ra sed in" such mannerigwillfneturally lncrease thevelocitybf the driving medium.

fects reduction of the velocityfof the drivin'g merlium andtherewithreduction in the {output of the engine; The latter- Wherefore tends tomaintain continnouslythe same,

' umb r i iev la i Thelonger th durationlof the intervals ofthe'periodicinterruptions of the flow the. faster the engine runs, andvioeversaeach" r a. reduction of the intervals of the=interrupf tionseflects slower Opfi atiOI l qf the 611::

minimum velocity.-

,QIt is evident that "the number ofirevolutions increased: in "themanner described lwill f f .attain the ,th nretical maximum wlien ,-the25 from the engine, by means' of a" "i'pe'L in which is .interpostd a;valve '0 hort, c'irwii delivery 1 h t the distributer fin its-yrqtatidlr'interrupts length, of the passage sltit is infinitesimal; Since thesleev eg olcan be adjil stedgand; cured" at anyefld every (intermediate,POSTI: 1 tion'be'tween thetw ohextifeme,P9Qitipns,any desired number ofrevolutionsj can b' duction, ,so' that smooth, transitiom from im d" M vAwhil th y? rotar'y j distributer," since it term a p e swmpkt y bn ae id 1 0 with regard to the forces (pressures) "0 jer ating in thedireetionoffrotation; themov- 1 able part 0 is Knot balanced and thism'ov pletely balanced "with"regerdjftofltliesem0; 'ments of notatioasiaorderto-permit of ,ad-'

justment hsindi Accordingly a pistori I within we or t P t n;PrPbifiei-to 1 the .piston rod isnnd {the laction of the 7 pressure; in thedelivery part D of] tlie J pressure pipe which part leilldg; from thein-f it K .v H P i itii YIMvtq he. armlof thelever 't fand thepiv otofthe same l are so chosen that the product of these' two tiplied bylthemeandistenceoftthe se res-3 was ffabto'rs isfe'quahtothe sufnbf thepressure g an moments are obtained which increase or dey crease withincreased or reduced pressure in the delivery part I) of the pipe 1),and since they operate against one another, balance one another in eachposition of the sleeve, which therefore is completely balanced and canbe adjusted easily by hand even with the highest pressures.

As: already mentioned, the operation of the interrupter produces a greatvariation in .the motion of the motor, since this motion consistsofsucceeding full and no pressure phases (periods). The number of periods15 increased the analler the duration of time- .(llll'lllgWVlllCh thepassage of the driving medium to the motor is opened, since, accordingto-the arrangement shown in Fig. l,

the interrupter V is driven by-the motor at a determined ratio.

It may be desiredto maintain the number of periods of the interrupterconstant without affecting the variability of the output. This isobtained according to the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 by moving theinterrupter V connected to the motor and controlling the same by meansof the pump P auxiliary engine at a constant number of,

revolutions.

WVhile the arrangement shown in Figs. 1 and 2 only permits variation ofthe speed of the engine betweenthe minimum determined by the ratio ofthe volume of the pump to that of the motor and a maximum, thearrangement shown in Fig. 3 permits variation of the speed of the enginebetween the given minimum and zero.

' For this purpose an interrupter V is1connected also to the pump beinginterposed in a short circuit pipe K connecting the suction pipe L withpressure pipe D, and rotating at a velocity having a-fixed ratio to thatof the pump rotor as described in the specification of my co-pendingapplication Serial No. 7 74,001.

This interrupter permits variation of the quantity to be delivered bythe pump between a maximum and zero; in this manner gradually reducedquantitiesof liquid can be supplied to the engine and the output ornumber of revolutions can be variedv down to zero.

In the operation of the interrupter a uni-' form average speed is given.In the period during which the interrupter is closed the driving liquidfurnished in a uniform mannor by the,pump' (generator) cannot flow tothe motor but will be accumulated in the acp was ciiinulator.During'this period the fly-Wheel has to overcome the resistance of themachinery driven by the rotary motor. In that period during which theinterrupter is opened, those parts of the driving medium which duringthe former period inwhich the interrupter was closed Were accumulated inthe accumulator, and .also those parts of the driving medium which isfurnished from the pump directly during this period (when theinterrupter is opened), are led to the motor.

Presuming that the periods during which the interrupter is opened havethe same duration as the periods in which the interrupter is closed,viz: half the time of a period when the interrupter is wholly opened,then the motor is driven with twice the'number of'revolutions because inthe pressure periods (during which the interrupter is opened) the motormust consume the same quantity of medium in half the time as when theinterrupter is opened. In the periods in which the interrupter is closed(non-pressure periods), the conduit leading the driving medium to themotor is in communication with the conduit leading from the motor by thenon-return or short-circuit valve and therefore it is impossible for avacuum to be produced in the motor chambersor in the delivery part ofthe conduit which would prevent the collection or accumulative action oithe accumulator.

It is to be'noted that the periods of interruption and non-interruptionare very short, (and that, therefore it is impossible for the reactionof the machinery driven by the motor to be greater tha n'the action ofthe fly-wheel and under these circumstances the speed, of themotor drummay be assumed as constant. I Having described my invention I declarethat what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent'of the UnitedStates is 1. In an apparatus of the eharacte'r described,the combinationwith for delivering fluid and a rotary motor,'of

pipes leading from the pressure side of the' a rotary pump pump to themotor, a pipe leading the ex- 1 haust from the motor, a rotary floW-inter rupter fitted in said piping, an accumulatorconnected with saidpiping,'a short-circuit pipe connecting said piping with said exhaustpipe, and a non-return valve arranged in theshort circuit pipe.

2. In an apparatus of .the character for delivering fluid and a rotarymotor, of

piping leading from the pressure side of the pump to the motor, a. pipeleading the the pump, an accumulator connected with said piping, ashort-circuit pipe connecting said piping with said exhaust pipe and a130' described, the combination with a rotary pump I to determine by thelength of some of the.

non-return valve arranged in said shortcireuit pipe. i

3, .[Ihe hereindeseribed flow interrupter consisting of :1 casing havingtwo passages one of whith serves as driving medium inlet, the other asdriving medium outlet, e11 flflfilll'lllllitlflfil' directly connectedto the saideesing, o isotsry hollow distriboter having a ported Welladopted, during its rotation to establish oommmiieation intervals between the driving medium. inlet and the outlet, and a sleeve c soosedbetween thekoosing smiths rotary elisti'ilmtei'; sle ve eon- Hsting mststionmry so on mljiisloble poi-t, said its limvii interengztgililgtooth she-pod projeetioi'is sod. recesses and serving recesses theduration of communication between the driving medium inlet and the innerspace of the distributer.

l. The hereindesoribed flow interrupter consisting of a: casing havingtwo passages, one of which serves as driving medium inlet, the other asthe driving medium outlet, an

mes-mew" a accumulator directly connected with thefio said casing, arotary hollow distributor hav-' ing at ported well adapted during itsrota" tion to establish communication at intervale between the drivingmedium inlet and the driving medium. outlet, a. sleeve Cll$IJQSBLlbetween the casing and the rotary distributor, said sleeve consisting ofa stationery and an adjustable pert, said parts luivlnginterengaging-tootl1-sl1aped projections and recesses, hollow shaft onsaid adjustable past, said hollow slmft extending; through the easing,lever mounted on ssiol hollow shaft, a eyl ,.ei"', end piston movableWithin said wylincler, said piston being coupled With the leverand-commuted with. the pressure pipe of the driving medium Signed atViennain. the Province of Lower Austria, third. clay of June, A. D'.1913.

i GIULIO SILVESTRL Witnesses: V

WILHELM BERGER AUGUST F'oeom.

.Austrieilzlungeiy, this

